There is a new film on the iconic an arguably greatest of all US presidents, Abraham Lincoln. I have not seen the film nor seen many reviews but I will likely see it. Certainly Lincoln's Gettysburg address ranks as on of the finest examples of political rhetoric and leadership. It was composed to commemorate the last battle of the Civil War. The full text reads:
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate -- we can not hallow -- this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
One reviewer noted that the movie Lincoln could be appropriately titled the Thirteenth Amendment since much of the film focuses on that constitutional change. The thirteenth amendment outlaws slavery and Lincoln is attributed with the emancipation proclamation that led to the adoption of the thirteenth amendment by the states. According to many historians, however, Lincoln was a late convert to the abolitionist movement and the civil war was less about abolition of slavery than it was about federalism. Still, once he became committed to abolition, that value became an important aspect and justification of the war.
There are many biographies of Lincoln and many of them comment obliquely on his temperment which was by most accounts on the melancholy side. While the clinical categories and criteria for major depression did not exist in the 1800's, the article linked below argues that Lincoln struggled with what would now be termed clinically as major depressive episodes his entire life including thoughts of suicide.
Interesting, Lincoln had a deep spirituality that assisted him in providing purpose to his life and assuage the demons of his own depression as well as the darkness of the history that surrounded his presidency.
Lincoln's greatest virtue, I think, was humility. Humility is not well understood but Shenk does a good job explaining it in the context of Lincoln's spirituality.
HUMILITY. Throughout his life Lincoln's response to suffering—for all the success it brought him—led to greater suffering still. When as a young man he stepped back from the brink of suicide, deciding that he must live to do some meaningful work, this sense of purpose sustained him; but it also led him into a wilderness of doubt and dismay, as he asked, with vexation, what work he would do and how he would do it. This pattern was repeated in the 1850s, when his work against the extension of slavery gave him a sense of purpose but also fueled a nagging sense of failure. Then, finally, political success led him to the White House, where he was tested as few had been before.
Lincoln responded with both humility and determination. The humility came from a sense that whatever ship carried him on life's rough waters, he was not the captain but merely a subject of the divine force—call it fate or God or the "Almighty Architect" of existence. The determination came from a sense that however humble his station, Lincoln was no idle passenger but a sailor on deck with a job to do. In his strange combination of profound deference to divine authority and a willful exercise of his own meager power, Lincoln achieved transcendent wisdom.
...
Throughout history a glance to the divine has often been the first and last impulse of suffering people. "Man is born broken," the playwright Eugene O'Neill wrote. "He lives by mending. The grace of God is glue!" Today the connection between spiritual and psychological well-being is often passed over by psychologists and psychiatrists, who consider their work a branch of secular medicine and science. But for most of Lincoln's lifetime scientists assumed there was some relationship between mental and spiritual life.
Lincoln, too, connected his mental well-being to divine forces. As a young man he saw how religion could ameliorate life's blows, even as he found the consolation of faith elusive. An infidel—a dissenter from orthodox Christianity—he resisted popular dogma. But many of history's greatest believers have also been its fiercest doubters. Lincoln charted his own theological course to a living vision of how frail, imperfect mortals could turn their suffering selves to the service of something greater and find solace—not in any personal satisfaction or glory but in dutiful mission.
Lincoln's Great Depression
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate -- we can not hallow -- this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
One reviewer noted that the movie Lincoln could be appropriately titled the Thirteenth Amendment since much of the film focuses on that constitutional change. The thirteenth amendment outlaws slavery and Lincoln is attributed with the emancipation proclamation that led to the adoption of the thirteenth amendment by the states. According to many historians, however, Lincoln was a late convert to the abolitionist movement and the civil war was less about abolition of slavery than it was about federalism. Still, once he became committed to abolition, that value became an important aspect and justification of the war.
There are many biographies of Lincoln and many of them comment obliquely on his temperment which was by most accounts on the melancholy side. While the clinical categories and criteria for major depression did not exist in the 1800's, the article linked below argues that Lincoln struggled with what would now be termed clinically as major depressive episodes his entire life including thoughts of suicide.
Interesting, Lincoln had a deep spirituality that assisted him in providing purpose to his life and assuage the demons of his own depression as well as the darkness of the history that surrounded his presidency.
Lincoln's greatest virtue, I think, was humility. Humility is not well understood but Shenk does a good job explaining it in the context of Lincoln's spirituality.
HUMILITY. Throughout his life Lincoln's response to suffering—for all the success it brought him—led to greater suffering still. When as a young man he stepped back from the brink of suicide, deciding that he must live to do some meaningful work, this sense of purpose sustained him; but it also led him into a wilderness of doubt and dismay, as he asked, with vexation, what work he would do and how he would do it. This pattern was repeated in the 1850s, when his work against the extension of slavery gave him a sense of purpose but also fueled a nagging sense of failure. Then, finally, political success led him to the White House, where he was tested as few had been before.
Lincoln responded with both humility and determination. The humility came from a sense that whatever ship carried him on life's rough waters, he was not the captain but merely a subject of the divine force—call it fate or God or the "Almighty Architect" of existence. The determination came from a sense that however humble his station, Lincoln was no idle passenger but a sailor on deck with a job to do. In his strange combination of profound deference to divine authority and a willful exercise of his own meager power, Lincoln achieved transcendent wisdom.
...
Throughout history a glance to the divine has often been the first and last impulse of suffering people. "Man is born broken," the playwright Eugene O'Neill wrote. "He lives by mending. The grace of God is glue!" Today the connection between spiritual and psychological well-being is often passed over by psychologists and psychiatrists, who consider their work a branch of secular medicine and science. But for most of Lincoln's lifetime scientists assumed there was some relationship between mental and spiritual life.
Lincoln, too, connected his mental well-being to divine forces. As a young man he saw how religion could ameliorate life's blows, even as he found the consolation of faith elusive. An infidel—a dissenter from orthodox Christianity—he resisted popular dogma. But many of history's greatest believers have also been its fiercest doubters. Lincoln charted his own theological course to a living vision of how frail, imperfect mortals could turn their suffering selves to the service of something greater and find solace—not in any personal satisfaction or glory but in dutiful mission.
Lincoln's Great Depression
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